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* gestational diabetes in pregnant women and cure
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OVERCOMING GESTATIONAL DIABETES
ARE YOU AT RISK FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES?
GESTATIONAL DIABETES IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PREGNANCY
COMPLICATIONS.
LEARN ABOUT THE FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THIS CONDITION AND WHAT YOU
CAN DO TO LOWER YOUR RISK.YOU DON'T HAVE TO SUFFER IN SILENCE.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES AFFECTS 4 PERCENT OF PREGNANCIES.
KNOWING YOUR RISK FOR GESTATIONAL DIABETES CAN HELP YOU MAKE BETTER
DECISIONS ABOUT DIET AND EXERCISE BEFORE AND DURING YOUR PREGNANCY.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES: SIX RISK FACTORS
The American Diabetes Association has identified the six most
prevalent risk factors for gestational diabetes. These risk factors
are what the doctor will use to decide when and if you need to be
screened for gestational diabetes during your pregnancy.
AGE
RACE/ETHNICITY
WEIGHT
PAST PREGNANCY OUTCOMES
PAST BLOOD SUGAR ISSUES
DIABETES IN THE FAMILY
The more risk factors you have, the greater your change of having
gestational diabetes.
HIGH RISK. Having two or more risk factors means you should
be screened for gestational diabetes as soon as your pregnancy is
discovered. If you have had gestational diabetes in the past, even if
that is your only risk factor, your doctor will consider you a
high-risk patient.
AVERAGE RISK. One risk factor puts you at average risk. You
typically will be tested toward the end of your second trimester.
LOW RISK. Only women who meet none of the above criteria are
considered low-risk and can skip the screening process.
Recognizing gestational diabetes symptoms can be tricky because
symptoms are often mild or non-existent. In fact, many women
with gestational diabetes do not experience any symptoms at all. An
added complication is the nature of pregnancy itself.
During pregnancy the body is expected to change, so it’s easy to
overlook some of the symptoms that could be signs of gestational
diabetes or chalk them up to the normal discomforts of pregnancy.
DIABETES: THE DISEASE
Diabetes is a disease in which the body has a shortage of insulin, a
decreased ability to use insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone that
allows glucose (sugar) to enter cells and be converted to energy. When
diabetes is not controlled, glucose and fats remain in the blood and,
over time, damage vital organs.
TYPE 1 DIABETES usually is first diagnosed in children and young
adults, although it can occur at any age. Type 1 diabetes is an
autoimmune disease that may be caused by genetic, environmental, or
other factors. It accounts for about 5% of diabetes cases. There is no
known way to prevent it, and effective treatment requires the use of
insulin.
TYPE 2 DIABETES accounts for 90%–95% of diabetes cases and is
usually associated with older age, obesity and physical inactivity,
family history of type 2 diabetes, or a personal history of
gestational diabetes. Diabetes rates vary by race and ethnicity, with
American Indian, Alaska Native, African American, Hispanic/Latino, and
Asian/Pacific Islander adults about twice as likely as white adults to
have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented through healthy
food choices, physical activity, and weight loss. It can be controlled
with these same activities, but insulin or oral medication also may be
necessary.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES is a form of glucose intolerance that is
diagnosed during pregnancy. It requires treatment to bring maternal
blood glucose to normal levels and avoid complications in the infant.
OTHER TYPES OF DIABETES result from specific genetic conditions
(such as maturity-onset diabetes of youth), surgery, medications,
infections, pancreatic disease, and other illnesses. Other types of
diabetes account for less than 5% of all diagnosed cases.
THE FINANCIAL COST
* Total costs (direct and indirect) of diabetes in 2007: $174
billion.
* Direct medical costs in 2007: $116 billion.
* Indirect costs (related to disability, work loss, premature death)
in 2007: $58 billion.
* On average, medical expenses for a person with diagnosed diabetes
are more than twice as much as the expenses of a person without
diabetes.
DIABETES IS PREVENTABLE AND CONTROLLABLE
PREVENTING TYPE 2 DIABETES
People with PREDIABETES are at high risk of developing type 2
diabetes. Their blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not
high enough to be classified as diabetes. An estimated 79 million U.S.
adults had prediabetes in 2010. Group support programs that help
people with prediabetes develop better eating habits, improve their
coping skills, and increase their physical activity level have been
proven to be effective.
People with prediabetes who lose 5%–7% of body weight and get at
least 150 minutes a week of moderate physical activity can reduce the
risk of developing type 2 diabetes by 58%.
CONTROLLING DIABETES
Disability and premature death are not inevitable consequences of
diabetes. Physical activity and dietary interventions, self-management
training, ongoing support, and, when necessary, medications can help
control the effects of diabetes. By working with a support network and
health care providers, a person with diabetes can prevent premature
death and disability.
For example,
* Reducing A1c (a measure of blood glucose control) by one
percentage point can reduce the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve
diseases by 40%.
* Controlling blood pressure can reduce the risk of heart disease
and stroke by 33%–50% and the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve
diseases by 33%.
* Improving control of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol can
reduce cardiovascular complications by 20%–50%. Treating diabetic
eye disease with laser therapy can reduce the risk of loss of eyesight
by 50%–60%.
* Accessing comprehensive foot care programs can reduce amputation
rates by 45%–85%.
IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS IN DIABETES CONTROL
On average, people with diabetes are living longer. Public health
efforts designed to prevent and control this disease have played a
role in reducing
* Hospitalization rates related to diabetes and hospitalization
rates for cardiovascular disease among people with diabetes.
* Percentage of adults with diabetes who report visual impairment.
* Rate of new cases of diabetes-related kidney failure.
Women who become pregnant and who are known to have diabetes mellitus
which antedates pregnancy do not have gestational diabetes but have
"diabetes mellitus and pregnancy" and should be treated accordingly
before, during, and after the pregnancy.
In the early part of pregnancy (e.g. first trimester and first half
of second trimester) fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations
are normally lower than in normal, non-pregnant women. Elevated
fasting or postprandial plasma glucose levels at this time in
pregnancy may well reflect the presence of diabetes which has
antedated pregnancy, but criteria for designating abnormally high
glucose concentrations at this time have not yet been established.
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DIABETES SOLUTIONS
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